Research for Writers

Tag: Worldbuilding

Writing Prompts: The Fraying Threads

Repeated resurrection comes with a cost: the bond between body and soul becomes tenuous, weakening each time resurrection takes place. When frayed enough, the threads connecting the two may break at the most unexpected moment.

Death is the ultimate consequence, so one must proceed with caution when adding a resurrection mechanic into their world. Having fallout and high costs associated with resurrection will help keep it from getting out of control, on top of adding potential new stakes and tension to the narrative. Adding conditions that make resurrection impossible will also help with this.

In the case of this prompt, we’re looking at a consequence that comes with using resurrection. (And obviously, feel free to combine this with things like the trauma that would likely result from dying in the first place, mental, physical, and spiritual. Consequences make things much more interesting.)

Death severs the connections between body and soul. Resurrection restores those connections along with the physical body, but the mending is less than perfect. Every successive resurrection results in weaker connections, and these are slow to heal if at all. Eventually they become so frail that the slightest disturbance will cause them to break.

Abusing the resurrection mechanic runs the risk of flinging the resurrected character into a fate worse than death. They may have been able to return to life, but what happens if they slip out of their body and something else occupies it? They would be trapped in a state where they can no longer influence the world, only able to watch as whatever took their body for a ride does as it pleases. Alive in one sense, yet less than a ghost in another.

An unanchored soul can be reunited with their body under certain conditions, but the connections between the two remain weak. The soul breaking free is always a dangerous situation to deal with. Even beyond the possibility of body theft, it’s easier to steal and contain a soul with no connections.

Cognitive and physical effects can also be associated with this. Dissociation would be an obvious one to use, with the frightening possibility that this could lead to the soul disconnecting without the character realizing until it’s too late. Loss of feeling or other senses could be another. Even beyond the risk of the soul coming loose, there are long-lasting symptoms that need to be dealt with and managed alongside whatever goals the character and their allies may have.

In all, even though resurrection is possible death will still have consequences that last throughout the rest of the story. And at the end of the day, death is still inevitable because after a certain point it will no longer be possible to restore the connections between body and soul.

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Natural Hazards: Ice Storm/Freezing Rain

Ice storms can go by several names: freezing rain, silver storm, glaze storm. The after-effects are known as glaze ice, silver thaw, or silver frost. The freezing rain itself is distinct from sleet, and a storm can alternate between freezing rain, sleet, and snow depending on the position and interaction of the warm and cold fronts involved.

A particular set of conditions is required for an ice storm to develop. The most common set is when warm moist air flows up and over colder air. As a result, cold precipitation passes through a thick layer of warm air followed by a thin layer of air near the ground that is below freezing point; this causes the temperature of the droplets to fall below freezing without giving them enough time to become ice crystals(turning them into supercooled liquid water) and means they’re primed and ready to form ice the instant they come into contact with something solid. In the United States this occurs most often in regions east of the Rocky Mountains, where cold arctic air is able to flow down and interact with warm moist air coming off the Gulf of Mexico, and the typical season for ice storms to occur is in winter.

Glaze ice coating a tree branch.
Link to image.

Freezing rain will present a building roster of hazards the longer it continues. First are the obvious dangers from any typical level of ice buildup: slippery roads, slippery walking surfaces(watch out for those front steps), cold temperatures. As the glaze ice thickens and its weight increases, new hazards develop: falling branches and trees can directly injure people and block roads or land on homes, pipes can rupture thanks to below freezing temperatures, and power lines and poles snap and cause loss of electricity(even big electricity pylons can crumple under the weight of glaze ice). This damage to the electrical grid can cause entire cities to lose power for multiple days or even up to a month. In turn this loss of power results in more potential hazards: hypothermia is a risk due to loss of heating, while the incorrect(indoor) use of barbecues, gas generators, and kerosene heaters cause carbon monoxide poisoning.

Despite the potential damage of the aftermath, the weather itself is only about as violent as any typical rain storm. It sounds like a rain storm, with a sort of sharp tinny sound as the drops hit solid objects and crystallize. As the ice builds up, however, the relative calm will be disrupted by breaking branches, falling trees, broken power lines, and the like. The sound of falling branches and trees is very scary, especially if your characters are outdoors when it happens.

Words to Describe It

Neutral

Nouns (Components)

  • Crust
  • Freezing rain
  • Glaze
  • Gust
  • Ice
  • Precipitation
  • Puff
  • Storm
  • Wind

Adjectives

  • Cold
  • Dark
  • Gray
  • Moonless
  • Overcast
  • Sunless
  • Uniform
  • Wet

Verbs

  • Accumulate
  • Blow
  • Coat
  • Crackle
  • Crystallize
  • Encrust
  • Glaze
  • Spread
  • Whisper

Positive

There’s not much that’s positive about the ice storm itself. Even if someone’s hunkered down indoors, there’s still the possibility of power outages, loss of heating, and overburdened trees coming down to contend with. The aftermath can have a certain cold beauty about it, though.

Adjectives

  • Bright
  • Clear
  • Crisp
  • Crystalline
  • Radiant
  • Smooth

Verbs

  • Crackle
  • Crunch
  • Gleam
  • Glitter
  • Reflect
  • Shine

Negative

Nouns (Components)

  • Chill
  • Deluge
  • Gloom

Adjectives

  • Bitter
  • Bleak
  • Brittle
  • Cheerless
  • Damp
  • Deadly
  • Dim
  • Dismal
  • Dreary
  • Dull
  • Frigid
  • Gloomy
  • Heavy
  • Icy
  • Leaden
  • Lethal
  • Menacing
  • Murky
  • Somber
  • Sopping

Verbs

  • Break (tree branches and power lines)
  • Buffet
  • Drench
  • Freeze
  • Loom
  • Menace
  • Mock
  • Shatter
  • Snap (tree branches and power lines)
  • Soak
  • Threaten

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Sources

http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Glaze_ice

https://weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/what-to-know-about-ice-storms-impacts-damage-explainer

https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/winter_stuff/winter_wx/winter_wx.html

World Building: City Creation Basics

Building a fictional city that feels complete and believable can seem like a really daunting task at a glance, so let’s break it down into smaller parts to make things more manageable. Once you have the general shape laid out, I highly recommend that you do additional research on the conditions you want for your city. Not only will this ensure a solid foundation, you also never know what previously-unknown facts might produce a plot hook, potential threat, or aid for character development.

This is by no means an exhaustive list, but it will help you create a good base to build your city upon.

Location and Landscape

The shape of the landscape will determine the shape of the city and how it’s organized. It will also help determine the type and extent of natural disasters that threaten the city. One real world example is Mexico City, which while already threatened by earthquakes has the added complication of being partially built on a filled-in lake, causes an earthquake’s seismic waves to be amplified when trapped in the softer sediment layer.

The types of industry that the city offers will also be determined in part by its location and surrounding landscape. For example, some coastal cities will have robust fishing industry while others will be hubs for shipping and imports.

History

Every city has its history, its founders, the stretch of time that existed before a city even stood there. A city’s history will have varying levels of influence on its present and future, such as keeping a layout from the era before automobiles or lingering friction between factions within the city.

Local Industry

Basically, what does your city have to offer in the way of goods or services? What industries bring in the money or put it on the map? How has that industry changed over the years?

An example of changing industry is Monterey Bay in California, where the cannery business collapsed in the 1950s due to overfishing. These days Cannery Row has mostly become a shopping district, with the Monterey Bay Aquarium now standing in place of one of the canneries and the waters off Cannery Row’s shore having been declared a marine sanctuary.

Here are some examples of potential industries, keep in mind that the city’s location will help determine what industries it has:

  • Farming
  • Fishing
  • Manufacturing
  • Mining
  • Technology
  • Tourism

Imports

Goods that need to be imported will be a factor in how costly it is to live in the city. For example communities in the state of Hawaii will have high food costs to worry about on top of the cost of housing, whereas cities on the mainland will have easier access to cheaper and more local food options.

Water Sources

A city’s success and size rely on a dependable water source. Said water source can be threatened by drought or damage to infrastructure(whatever is bringing the water to the city).

Energy Sources

Where is your city getting its energy from? Coal? Nuclear power? Green energy? Potential sources for electrical energy include:

  • Coal
  • Geothermal
  • Hydroelectric
  • Natural gas
  • Solar
  • Wind

Natural Disasters

No matter where a city is in the world, it will always be in reach of at least one type of natural disaster. Cities near active fault lines are threatened by earthquakes and any disasters triggered by said quakes, settlements near warmer oceans are under risk from typhoons, those in snowy mountains from avalanches, etc. The surrounding landscape and location will help determine the types of natural disasters that your city will face.

Here are a few natural disasters to consider when placing your city in the world:

  • Avalanches
  • Blizzards
  • Earthquakes
  • Flooding
  • Ice storms
  • Landslides
  • Mudslides
  • Tornadoes
  • Tropical cyclones (also called hurricanes or typhoons, depending on location)
  • Tsunamis
  • Volcanic eruptions
  • Wildfires

Hazards

Basically these are dangers found in or around the city that do not amount to natural disaster status, but are a risk to inhabitants and infrastructure all the same. Some hazards include:

  • Below-freezing temperatures
  • Black ice
  • Fog
  • Sinkholes (also called cenotes, dolines, sinks, swallets, or sallow holes)
  • Snow
  • Waves
  • Wind

Urban Legends and Folklore

Everywhere humans go, folklore and fragments of belief follow. Urban legends are the more contemporary version of folklore, influenced by the time period they were first formulated in. Old folklore can still carry into the modern age to live alongside urban legend, so you may want to have a mix of old and new folklore that haunts the edges and dark places of the city.

Folklore includes things such as fairies and witchcraft. Urban legends are more contemporary and include entities such as the Jersey Devil or Mothman.

Religion

Some cities have religion written into their history, either in their founding, their landmarks, or otherwise. Primary religions can change depending on the city’s history, as was the case for Istanbul, for instance.

Good Luck!

Hopefully this will help you move forward with your world building ambitions.

If you like what you see, please consider supporting the site on Patreon! I would like to keep things ad-free, so any support is deeply appreciated.

Got anything you’re curious about? Let me know down in the comments or ping me on Twitter or Tumblr!